I've heard of Cascade and Centennial being popular.
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Some of the new varieties such as Citra, Amarillo, Simcoe, Mosaic etc. are growing in popularity (especially at craft breweries).Add comment
I would also add to that list Chinook, Amarillo, East Kent Goldings Saaz and Styrian Golding.Add comment
You're right about Cascade and Centennial. Cascade is the most popular hop in the craft brewing industry, and Centennial is also very popular. I would also include Columbus, which is one of the "Three C" citrusy, aroma hop varieties -- Cascade, Centennial, and Columbus -- and Willamette, which is actually the most popular aroma hop in the US by acreage. Golding is another popular variety, but is used primarily by ale brewers.